|
The Fife and Kinross Miners' Association was a coal miners' trade union based in Fife and Kinross-shire in Scotland. ==History== The union was founded in 1869 or 1870, and proved immediately successful by achieving the eight hour day for miners in the counties, and was the first union to be recognised by Scottish mine owners. In 1877, employers organised a lockout, targeting the union, but alone out of Scottish coal miners' unions, it survived.〔W. H. Marwick, "A Short History of Labour in Scotland, p.27〕 The union was a strong supporter of the 1892 UK miners' strike, even publishing a list of strikebreakers in the county.〔Alex Maxwell, ''Chicago Tumbles: Cowdenbeath and the Miners Strike'', p.139〕 In 1894, the association became a founder member of the Scottish Miners Federation, which in turn affiliated to the Miners' Federation of Great Britain (MFGB).〔Arthur Ivor Marsh and Victoria Ryan, ''Historical directory of trade unions, Volume 6'', pp.510-511〕 In 1922, the FKMA merged with the Clackmannan Miners' Association, forming the ''Fife, Kinross and Clackmannan Miners' Association'' (FKCMA).〔Arthur Ivor Marsh and Victoria Ryan, ''Historical Directory of Trade Unions'', vol.6, p.492〕 The new union suffered several splits. The Independent Labour Party-aligned Miners' Reform Union of Fife, Kinross and Clackmannan left almost immediately, led by Philip Hodge.〔〔"[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/articleHL/40218 Adamson, William [Willie]]", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''〕 This union survived through the 1926 UK general strike, following which William Adamson was persuaded that it should be permitted to merge back into the FKCMA.〔Matthew Worley, ''Class Against Class: The Communist Party in Britain Between the Wars'', p.265〕 However, Hodge was elected General Secretary in 1928, and Adamson left to found the right-wing ''Fife, Clackmannan, and Kinross Miners' Union'', which subsequently was recognised as the official union by the National Union of Scottish Mineworkers and Miners' Federation of Great Britain.〔Matthew Worley, ''Class Against Class: The Communist Party in Britain Between the Wars'', p.124〕 The rump union soon disappeared, with supporters of the Communist Party of Great Britain forming the United Mineworkers of Scotland, and those in favour of a non-political union forming the "Fife, Kinross and District Industrial Trade Union".〔〔 The United Mineworkers was the more successful, with its membership peaking at roughly half of the FCKMU.〔L. J. Macfarlane, ''The British Communist Party: Its Origin and Development Until 1929'', p.265〕 In 1944, the MFGB became the National Union of Mineworkers, and the FKCMA became its Fife Area, with less independence than before. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fife and Kinross Miners' Association」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|